Tarihin jirage marasa matuka

Za mu iya tunanin duniya kafin Intanet, manyan kewayawa, yadda aka aika taswira da taswira. Mun san cewa da zarar an fara dunkulewar duniya, sai aka gajarta nesa, aka fara juyin juya hali.

Kamar yadda yaduwar jirage marasa matuka za su kawo sauyi a duniya kamar yadda muka sani. Da farko duka biyun suna da ayyukan soja, kuma bayan lokaci sun zama masu araha kuma sun sami ƙarin mabiya.

Ba wai kawai sun zama sananne ba kuma suna cikin rayuwar yau da kullun ga mutane a duniya, amma sun haifar da juyin juya hali. An yi amfani da UAVs (motocin da ba a sarrafa su ba) ko UAVs (motocin da ba a sarrafa su ba) don leƙo asirin ƙasa, suna ba da damar hangen nesa na iska. Sun riga sun kasance a matsayin tallafi, da kuma hanyar kai hari da leken asiri; har ma da aika sakonni.

Sun bayyana a cikin shekarun 60, amma a cikin shekarun 80 ne suka fara jawo hankali ga amfanin soja.

Babban fa'idar amfani da shi a cikin shekarun 80 shine yuwuwar aiwatar da ayyuka, galibi masu haɗari, ba tare da sanya rayuwa cikin haɗari ba.

Domin duk wanda ya sarrafa shi zai yi nisa da jirgin mara matuki, kuma mafi munin abin da zai iya faruwa shi ne abin da aka harbo a iska.

Abin da mutane kaɗan suka sani game da tarihin jirage marasa matuki shi ne cewa BOMB ne ya sa shi.

Bam din da aka fi sani da buzzer, mai suna saboda hayaniya da ya yi lokacin da yake tashi sama, Jamus ce ta kirkira a lokacin yakin duniya na biyu.

Duk da saukin sa, wanda ya sa ya zama manufa mai sauƙi don wuta da kuma shiga tsakani, tun da yake kawai ya tashi a cikin layi madaidaiciya kuma a cikin sauri, ya sami nasara mai yawa.

Ko da yake babu takamaiman adadin mutanen da bama-baman suka jikkata da kuma kashe su, ana iya cewa adadin ya yi yawa, tun da aka jefa bama-baman V-1.000 sama da 1.

V-1, wanda aka fi sani da bam, ba shine kawai irin wannan bam din da aka kirkira ba. Bayan 'yan shekaru, a lokacin yakin duniya na biyu, an halicci V-2.

Amma babban juyin juya hali ya zo ne lokacin da bam na waɗannan halaye ya fara bayyana: V-1, wanda ya zaburar da tarihin jirage marasa matuka da duk juyin halittarsu tun daga lokacin.

Bayyanar drone

Tarihin jirage marasa matuki ya fara ne da zaburarwa a cikin bama-baman da ke tashi a Jamus na nau'in V-1, wanda aka fi sani da buzz bombs. An samu wannan suna ne sakamakon hayaniyar da ta yi lokacin da yake tashi sama, wanda Jamus ta kirkira a lokacin yakin duniya na biyu.

Duk da cewa an iyakance shi kuma an ɗauke shi a matsayin manufa mai sauƙi, ya sami babban nasara tare da saurinsa na yau da kullun kuma yana tashi kawai a madaidaiciyar layi, ya kai adadin bama-bamai sama da 1.000 V-1 da aka jefa. Bayan 'yan shekaru, har yanzu a yakin duniya na biyu, an halicci magajinsa, bam V-2.

Wanene ya ƙirƙira jirgin mara matuƙi?

Samfurin da ya nuna tarihin jirage marasa matuka, wanda muka sani a yau, injiniyan sararin samaniya na Isra'ila Abraham (Abe) Karem ne ya samar da shi. A cewarsa, a shekarar 1977, lokacin da ya isa Amurka, ya dauki mutane 30 wajen sarrafa wani jirgi mara matuki. Da yake fuskantar wannan yanayin, ya kafa kamfanin Jagoran Jagora kuma, tare da ƴan albarkatun fasaha, irin su fiberglass na gida da tarkacen itace, ya haifi Albatross.

Tare da ci gaban da aka samu tare da sabon samfurin - 56 hours a cikin iska ba tare da cajin batura ba kuma tare da mutane uku suna sarrafa shi - injiniyan ya sami kudade daga DARPA don ingantaccen ci gaba a cikin samfurin kuma, tare da wannan, sabon samfurin da ake kira Amber ya kasance. haihuwa.

An kera waɗannan jiragen ne da kuma kera su don ayyukan soja waɗanda ke ba da haɗari ga rayuwar ɗan adam, kamar ceton gobara da tsaro ba na soja ba. Waɗannan suna da manufar ba da izinin sa ido ko kai hari a kowane yanki.

Baya ga wannan, wani UAV mai rijista shine Gralha Azul, wanda Embravant ya samar. Yana da tsawon fikafikan sama da mita 4 kuma yana iya tashi har zuwa awanni 3.

Jirgin kamar yadda muka sani a yau, ɗan Isra'ila Abe Karem, injiniyan sararin samaniya ne ya ƙirƙira shi, wanda ke da alhakin Amurka mafi tsoro da nasara.

A cewar Karem, lokacin da ya isa Amurka a shekarar 1977, ya dauki mutane 30 wajen sarrafa wani jirgin mara matuki. Wannan samfurin, Aquila, ya yi tafiya a matsakaicin 'yan mintuna duk da cewa yana da kewayon sa'o'i 20 na jirgin.

Ganin wannan halin da ake ciki, Karem ya kafa kamfani, Jagoran Jagora, kuma tare da ƙananan fasaha: guntun itace, fiberglass na gida da kuma mataccen mutum kamar waɗanda aka yi amfani da su a tseren kart a lokacin, ya kirkiro Albatross.

Albatross ya iya zama a cikin iska na tsawon sa'o'i 56 ba tare da cajin batir ɗinsa ba, kuma mutane 3 ne kawai ke sarrafa shi - idan aka kwatanta da mutane 30 a kan Aquilla. Bayan wannan kyakkyawar zanga-zangar, Karem ya sami kuɗi daga DARPA don inganta samfurin, kuma an haifi Amber.

Amfani da jirage marasa matuka

Kamar Intanet, tarihin jirage marasa matuka yana tafiya zuwa ga samun dama kuma ya kawo fa'idodi da yawa ga duka kasuwannin jiragen sama da masu amfani da su. A yau, jirage marasa matuki suna da ɗimbin yawa dangane da amfani da su. Amfaninsa sun haɗa da bin diddigi da sa ido, ɗaukar hoto da yin fim, amfani da sojoji, da ceto, a tsakanin sauran amfani da dama.

Kamar yadda aka yi tsammani, kamar yadda tarihin jirage marasa matuki ya bunkasa, an tsawaita su kuma a yau ana amfani da su a wurare daban-daban.

An yi amfani da samfuran farko kawai don yin hotuna da bidiyo, amma sun zama masu juriya, masu zaman kansu da ƙarfi.

Amazon ya riga ya sami izini daga Amurka don gudanar da isar da jirage marasa matuka.

Kamfanin Facebook ya sanar da shirinsa na shigo da Intanet a gidaje ta hanyar jirage marasa matuka.

Kuma duk lokacin da sababbin amfani da su suka bayyana, mafi yawan, a halin yanzu, sune:

A cikin hatsarin Fukushima a Japan, an yi amfani da T-Hawk (samfurin drone) don samun hotunan injinan da suka lalace. Samun hotuna da yin fim ba tare da wani haɗari ba, saboda radiation, ga kowa. Kuma galibi, an yi amfani da jirage marasa matuki wajen hotunan bikin aure, da ba da labarin wasannin motsa jiki da kuma a lokuta kamar zanga-zangar da aka yi a Sao Paulo.

Sarrafa da sa ido: Hukumomi a kasashe da dama na duniya sun riga sun yi amfani da jirage marasa matuka don sarrafawa da kuma kiyaye tsaro a manyan biranen, musamman ma lokacin da ake gudanar da manyan wasannin motsa jiki.

Agogon guguwa: Masana kimiya a jihar Florida sun kera wani karamin jirgi mara matuki da za a iya harbawa ta hanyar guguwa.

Hotunan karkashin ruwa: Wani samfurin mara matuki mai ban sha'awa shine OpenRov, wanda ke ba da damar ƙirƙirar hotuna na ainihin lokacin teku. Samun damar kaiwa maki cewa ɗan adam bai kai ba tukuna, yana ɗaukar sabon nau'in halitta da bayyanar da asirin.

Amfani da Soja: Ba sabon abu ba ne ka ga a labarai, ko a fina-finai, kasancewar jirage masu saukar ungulu suna nuna ayyukansu, suna yin hotunan fagen daga, suna ganin motsin abokan gaba, ko ma suna shiga hare-haren bam.

Taimakawa masu bukata: Tare da yuwuwar isa wuraren da ba a sabawa ba, an kuma yi amfani da jirage marasa matuka a ayyukan gaggawa daban-daban, kamar isar da abinci da ma magunguna, a kebabbun wurare da wahalar shiga.An riga an yi Hotunan jiragen dakon kaya da ke jigilar kayayyaki a Afirka. iya ceton mutane da yawa.

Ceto: A wannan shekara (2015) an ba da rahoton bayyanar Gimball, wanda ya yi nasara da Drones for Good contest ("Drones for good", a cikin fassarar kai tsaye), duk an rufe shi da "cage", wanda ya ba shi damar. don guje wa cikas a lokacin jirgin Ƙwararrun kwari, yana da firikwensin zafin jiki, GPS, kyamarori da tsayin daka, wanda ke ba da damar yin amfani da shi wajen ceto.

Tare da yaɗa shi, kamar yadda yake tare da Intanet, amfani da shi ya zama dindindin kuma yana haifar da bambanci sosai a rayuwar mutane.

Menene drone?

Jirgin sama mara matuki (UAV) ne wanda ke da sarrafa tashi kuma yana iya karɓar umarni ta hanyar mitar rediyo, infrared har ma da ayyukan da GNSS (Global Navigation Satellite System) ya ayyana a baya. Siffar sa tana da kama da ƙananan helikofta, tare da wasu samfuran da ke da kwafin jiragen sama, quadcopters (propelers huɗu) da kuma ƙirar da ke da injina guda takwas ko waɗanda ke amfani da mai don jirginsu.

Drone a Turanci yana nufin "Drone" kuma, saboda yawan sautinsa lokacin da yake tashi, an karɓe shi da yawa don sanya sunan jirgin.

Mutane sukan ji kalmar a karon farko kuma suna mamaki: menene drone?

Jirgin mara matuki jirgi ne mai saukar ungulu, amma ba kamar jiragen sama da jirage masu saukar ungulu ba, ba su da wani mutum. Ana sarrafa su daga nesa kuma galibi ana sanye su da kyamarori masu inganci.

An yi amfani da su na ɗan lokaci azaman abin wasa, juyin halittar jirgin sama. A yau akwai babbar kasuwa mai girma kuma tana haɓaka ƙwararrun matukan jirgi.

Kamar yadda mai yiyuwa ne har zuwa shekarar 2010 da kyar aka yi wani bincike kan injin binciken jiragen sama marasa matuka, kuma tun daga wannan lokacin girma ya kasance na ban mamaki.

Wannan yana ba mu ra'ayi na yadda yaduwar jiragen drones, ko da yake ya nuna girma mai girma, har yanzu yana da sararin samaniya.

Juyin Halittar fasaha ya ba da damar a yau duk wanda ke son zama matukin jirgi ya sarrafa drone ɗin su kai tsaye daga wayar hannu ko kwamfutar hannu.

Wasu samfuran ma ana iya sarrafa su ta hanyar accelerometer na wayar hannu. Abin da ke sa ƙwarewar ta zama mai zurfi.

Yana faruwa a yanzu, a daidai wannan lokacin. Kuma da yawa jirage marasa matuka za su sami sarari kuma su canza rayuwarmu. Kamar yadda masu bincike da yawa suka kiyaye: tarihi ba a tsaye yake ba. Ana gina shi kowace rana, kuma da jirage marasa matuka ba shi da bambanci.