Namhlanje wonke umntu unekhompyutha ekhayeni lakhe okanye eofisini. Nokuba yeyomsebenzi, ukufunda okanye ukonwatyiswa okulula, iikhompyutha zisisebenzela ngeenjongo ezininzi.
Kanye kwiminyaka eliqela eyadlulayo sasizazi iikhompyuter zedesktop, ngokuhamba kwexesha kwavela iifomati kunye nobukhulu obahlukeneyo, kunye neempawu ezahlukeneyo. Ngesi sizathu, kulungile ukuba siqaphele iindlela ezahlukeneyo zokukhetha kwimarike xa ukhetha uhlobo oluchanekileyo lwekhompyuter kwimisebenzi yethu.
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Apha sinikezela ngoluhlu lweentlobo ezahlukeneyo zeekhompyuter esizifumana kwiimarike. Ezinye zisebenza ngamandla, ngelixa ezinye zirhoxa.
Iikhompyuter zedesktop ziikhompyuter zobuqu zakudala, ezibekwe edesikeni kwaye zisetyenziswe kwimisebenzi yemihla ngemihla. Ziquka iyunithi ephakathi, ngokuqhelekileyo ngendlela ye-parallelelepiped, equlethe izixhobo eziyimfuneko ekusebenzeni kwekhompyutheni ngokwayo. Zonke iiperipherals zenkqubo zixhunyiwe kuyo, njenge-monitor, ikhibhodi, imouse ... Ikhompyutheni yedeskithophu ilungele umsebenzi wemihla ngemihla eofisini ngenxa yobukhulu obukhulu be-monitor, ithuba lokusebenzisa amanani amakhulu. yenkumbulo kunye, enkosi kwizihlanganisi ezininzi, kulula ukudibanisa iiperipherals ezininzi.
Iilaptops zixinene ngakumbi. Into ebalulekileyo kukuba badibanisa i-motherboard, i-disk drive, ikhibhodi kunye nevidiyo kumzimba omnye. Le yokugqibela luhlobo olukhethekileyo, ngokuqhelekileyo kunye neekristale zamanzi, kodwa nakweyiphi na imeko kunye neenyawo ezincinci kakhulu. Enye into ekhethekileyo yelaptop kukuba inebhetri yangaphakathi evumela ukuba isebenze ngokuzimeleyo, ngaphandle kwesidingo sokuqhagamshelwa kwinethiwekhi yombane. Ngokuqinisekileyo, le accumulator inobomi obulinganiselweyo, ixesha lexesha linqunywe, ngaphezu kwe-accumulator ngokwayo, ngokulondolozwa kokusetyenziswa okuvunyelwe ngabasekhethi zabasebenzi. Ubunjineli besekethe elungileyo kunye nokusetyenziswa kwamacandelo aphantsi kwamandla kunokuvumela ukusetyenziswa kweeyure ezininzi. Ikhompyutha ibonelelwa ngekhava, ukuvulwa kwayo kuveze isikrini, ngasemva kwekhava, kunye nekhibhodi. Yayiyinkqubela yehlabathi yeekhompyuter zobuqu njengoko yayisenza ukuba iphatheke ngokufanelekileyo. Ukuzimela kwayo, nangona kulinganiselwe ngexesha, kuyivumela ukuba isebenze kuyo nayiphi na imeko, iyenze ibe luncedo (kwaye ngamanye amaxesha iyimfuneko) kwabo bahlala besebenza ngaphandle kweofisi.
Njengoko igama libonisa, ezi khompyutha zinobukhulu obufanayo nephedi yokubhala: 21 centimeter by 30 centimeters. Kodwa azinamsebenzi ofanayo: ziikhompyuter zobuqu ngokwazo kwaye zinokuqhuba zonke iinkqubo kwiidesktops okanye iilaptops. Ezinye iimodeli azinayo i-floppy drive, kwaye idatha ingatshintshwa kuphela nenye ikhompyutha ngentambo. Isikrini siyafana neseelaptops, kodwa yonke enye into incinci. Ibhodi yezitshixo ayinayo ikhiphedi yamanani: ingenziwa isebenze ngaphakathi kwebhodi yezitshixo ngokwayo ngokusebenzisa isitshixo esikhethekileyo.
Incwadi yokubhala yincwadi yokubhalela ngaphandle kwekhibhodi. Ixhotywe ngeenkqubo ezikhethekileyo ezivumela ukuba uyisebenzise ngepensile ekhethekileyo ngendlela yepeni yebhola. Usiba alusetyenziswanga kuphela ukunika imiyalelo kwiinkqubo, ezifana nemouse kwiikhompyuter zedesktop, kodwa kunye nokufaka idatha. Kwisikrini sepenbook ungabhala, njengasephepheni, kwaye ikhompyuter itolika ileta yakho kwaye iyiguqulele kwiimpawu ezibhaliweyo ngokungathi ubhala kwikhibhodi. Olu hlobo lwekhompyuter luyaqhubeka nokuvela. Isigaba sokutolika kweskripthi sisacotha kwaye sinempazamo, ngelixa eminye imiba yokusebenza ihambele phambili kakhulu. Umzekelo, ulungiso kunye nokuhlelwa kwesicatshulwa esele singenisiwe kwenziwa ngendlela entsha kakhulu kwaye efana kakhulu nokuziphatha komsebenzisi. Ukuba igama lifuna ukucinywa, vele uzobe umnqamlezo phezu kwalo ngosiba.
Ipalmtop yikhompyutha elingana nekhasethi yevidiyo. Musa ukubhidanisa i-palmtop kunye ne-ajenda okanye i-pocket calculator. Zombini izixhobo eziphathwa ngesandla kunye neekhaltyhuleyitha, kwezinye iimeko, zinokutshintshiselana ngedatha ngekhompyutha yomntu, kodwa azixhotyiswanga ngenkqubo yokusebenza eqhelekileyo okanye iinkqubo. I-palmtop yikhompyutha ngokwayo: inokuqhubekeka okanye ihlele amaxwebhu njengekhompyuter yedesktop. Ubungakanani obuncinci buchaphazela zonke iindawo zekhompyuter. Isikrini se-LCD sincinci, njengekhibhodi, izitshixo zayo zincinci. I-hard disk ayikho ngokupheleleyo, kwaye idatha irekhodwa ngokusebenzisa iinkumbulo eziqulethwe kumakhadi amancinci azenzelayo. Utshintshiselwano lwedatha ngekhompyuter yedesktop lunokwenzeka kuphela ngentambo. Ewe, ikhompyuter yepokotho ayisetyenziswanga njengesixhobo esiphambili somsebenzi. Ingasetyenziselwa ukubuza okanye ukuhlaziya idatha. Amanye amanqaku anokwenziwa, kodwa ukubhala ileta phantse akunakwenzeka kwaye kuyadinisa ngenxa yobukhulu bezitshixo.
Iindawo zokusebenzela ziikhompyuter ezisetyenziswa kanye, malunga nobukhulu kunye nenkangeleko yekhompyuter yedesktop okanye enkulu kancinane. Baxhotyiswe ngeeprosesa eziphambili, imemori eninzi kunye nomthamo wokugcina. Iindawo zokusebenzela zifanelekile kwimisebenzi ekhethekileyo, rhoqo kwiinkalo zemizobo, uyilo, umzobo wobugcisa kunye nobunjineli. Ezi zizicelo ezinzima, ezifuna amandla angalinganiyo kunye nesantya somsebenzi wesiqhelo we-ofisi. Iindleko zaba matshini ziphezulu ngokwendalo kunezo zekhompyuter yomntu.
Ezi khompyutha, nangona igama labo, zinamandla ngakumbi. Zibekwe embindini wothungelwano lwee-terminals, nganye kuzo isebenza kunye ne-minicomputer njengokungathi ikhompyutha eyedwa, kodwa ukwabelana ngedatha, izixhobo zokushicilela kunye neenkqubo ezifanayo. Ngapha koko, into eqhelekileyo kwiikhomputha ezincinci kukukwazi ukuba nenkqubo enye esetyenziswa ngaxeshanye ziiterminals ezininzi. Zisetyenziselwa ngokukodwa ekulawuleni ishishini, apho ukutshintshiselwa kweenkqubo kunye nedatha yinto ebalulekileyo: wonke umntu unokusebenza kunye neenkqubo ezifanayo kwaye idatha inokuhlaziywa ngexesha langempela.
Iiframes ezingundoqo zikwindawo ephezulu nangakumbi. Ezi khompyutha zinokusetyenziswa linani elikhulu leetheminali, nokuba ukude ngeekhonkco ze-telematic. Banokugcina iifayile ezininzi zedatha kwaye baqhube iinkqubo ezininzi ngexesha elinye. Zisetyenziswa kwiinkampani ezinkulu kulawulo lwamashishini ngokwawo okanye kwimibutho yaseburhulumenteni kunyango lweefayile ezinkulu nezihlala zitshintsha. Ziyinxalenye engundoqo yeenkonzo zolwazi kwiibhanki, amaziko emali kunye notshintshiselwano ngestokhwe. Zikwasetyenziswa ziinkonzo zikawonke-wonke kunye nezabucala zetelematic kuba zivumela uqhagamshelo lwangaxeshanye lweetheminali ezininzi okanye iikhomputha kunye nokuphunyezwa ngokukhawuleza kweentengiselwano ezifanelekileyo.
Njengoko bekulindelekile, ii-supercomputers ziikhompyuter ezinomsebenzi ongaqhelekanga. Zinqabile. Iindleko zabo ziphezulu kakhulu kwaye zisetyenziselwa ukuyila kwamashishini kunye nokusetyenzwa kwedatha ephezulu kakhulu. Ukongeza kwiinkampani zamazwe ngamazwe, ii-supercomputers zisetyenziswa yi-arhente karhulumente kunye nemibutho yomkhosi.
