Umahluko phakathi kobuchwephesha bokubonisa

Ngoku kukho iiphaneli ezininzi zee-Smart TV, nganye ineempawu zayo kunye nobuchwepheshe. Apha sikubonisa nganye ukuze wazi ukuba yeyiphi ekulungeleyo.

LCD

Itekhnoloji ye-LCD (i-Liquid Crystal Display) inika ubomi kwinto ebizwa ngokuba yi-liquid crystal displays. Banepaneli yeglasi ecekethekileyo eneekristale ezilawulwa ngombane ngaphakathi, phakathi kwamaphepha amabini acacileyo (azizihluzo zepolarizing).

Le panel yecrystal elulwelo ikhanyiswa ngasemva sisibane seCCFL (fluorescent). Isibane esimhlophe sangasemva sikhanyisa iiseli zemibala ephambili (eluhlaza, obomvu noluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, iRGB eyaziwayo) kwaye yile nto eyenza imifanekiso yemibala oyibonayo.

Ubunzulu bombane ofunyanwa yikristale nganye buchaza ukuqhelaniswa kwayo, okuvumela ukukhanya okungaphezulu okanye okuncinci ukuba kudlule kwisihluzi esenziwe ngamaphikseli amathathu.

Kule nkqubo, ii-transistors ziza kudlala ngohlobo lwefilimu, ogama lakhe linguThin Film Transistor (TFT). Yiyo loo nto kuqhelekile ukubona iimodeli zeLCD/TFT. Nangona kunjalo, i-acronym ayibhekiseli kolunye uhlobo lwesikrini se-LCD, kodwa kwinxalenye eqhelekileyo yezikrini ze-LCD.

Isikrini se-LCD sineengxaki ezimbini: 1) kukho izigidi zemidibaniso yombala kwaye isikrini se-LCD ngamanye amaxesha asithembekanga; I-2) umnyama awuzange ube yinyani kakhulu, kuba iglasi kufuneka ivimbe konke ukukhanya ukuze yenze i-100% indawo emnyama, kuphela iteknoloji ayikwazi ukwenza ngokuchanekileyo, okubangelwa "abamnyama abamnyama" okanye abamnyama abamnyama.

Kwizikrini ze-TFT LCD kuyenzeka ukuba ube neengxaki nge-engile yokujonga ukuba awukho 100% ejongene nesikrini. Oku akuyongxaki kwi-LCD, kodwa kwi-TFT nakwii-TV ze-LCD ezine-IPS, ezifana nezo zisuka kwi-LG, sineengile zokujonga ngokubanzi.

I-LED

I-LED (i-Light Emitting Diode) yi-diode ekhupha ukukhanya. Ngamanye amazwi, iithelevishini ezinezikrini ze-LED azikho ngaphezu koomabonwakude abanesikrini se-LCD (esinokuthi okanye singabi yi-IPS) sinesibane esingasemva esisebenzisa i-diode ekhupha ukukhanya.

Inzuzo yayo ephambili kukuba idla amandla amancinci kunepaneli ye-LCD yendabuko. Ngaloo ndlela, i-LED isebenza ngendlela efanayo ne-LCD, kodwa ukukhanya okusetyenzisiweyo kuyahluka, kunye ne-diode ekhupha ukukhanya kwe-crystal display display. Esikhundleni sokuba isikrini sonke sifumane ukukhanya, amachaphaza akhanyisa ngokwahlukileyo, okuphucula inkcazo, imibala kunye nokuchasana.

Nceda uqaphele: 1) I-TV ye-LCD isebenzisa izibane ze-Cold Cathode Fluorescent (CCFL) ukukhanyisa umphantsi wonke wephaneli; I-2) ngelixa i-LED (uhlobo lwe-LCD) isebenzisa uluhlu lwee-diode ezincinci, ezisebenzayo ngakumbi zokukhanya okukhanyayo (ii-LED) ukukhanyisa le panel.

rajanud

Kuqhelekile ukuva ukuba i-OLED (i-Organic Light-Emitting Diode) yi-evolution ye-LED (i-Light Emitting Diode), kuba i-organic diode, utshintsho lwezinto.

Ii-OLED, ngenxa yobu buchwepheshe, azisebenzisi isibane sangasemva kuzo zonke iipikseli zazo, ezikhanyisa ngabanye xa umbane udlula nganye kuzo. Oko kukuthi, iiphaneli ze-OLED zinemveliso yazo yokukhanya, ngaphandle kokukhanya ngasemva.

Izibonelelo zinemibala ecacileyo ngakumbi, ukukhanya kunye nokwahlukileyo. Njengoko ipixel nganye inokuzimela ekuphumeni kokukhanya, xa kufika ixesha lokuvelisa umbala omnyama, kwanele ukucima ukukhanya, okuqinisekisa "abamnyama abamnyama" kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kwamandla. Ngokusasaza ngephaneli yokukhanya iyonke, izikrini ze-OLED zihlala zincinci kwaye zibhetyebhetye ngakumbi.

Iingxaki zayo ezimbini: 1) ixabiso eliphezulu, linikwe ixabiso eliphezulu lokuvelisa isikrini se-OLED xa kuthelekiswa ne-LED yendabuko okanye i-LCD; 2) Umabonakude unobomi obufutshane.

Umzekelo, i-Samsung, igxeka ukusetyenziswa kwezikrini ze-OLED kumabonakude kwaye ikubona kufanelekile ngakumbi kwii-smartphones (ezitshintsha ngokukhawuleza) ngokukhetha izikrini ze-QLED. Abo basebenzisa iteknoloji ye-OLED kumabonwakude yi-LG, i-Sony kunye ne-Panasonic.

QLED

Ekugqibeleni, siza kwii-TV ze-QLED (okanye i-QD-LED, i-Quantum Dot Emitting Diodes), enye iphuculo kwi-LCD, njenge-LED. Le yile nto siyibiza ngokuba siscreen sedot ye-quantum: amasuntswana amancinane kakhulu esemiconductor, anomlinganiselo ongagqithiyo kwiinanometers ngobubanzi. Ayisiyonto intsha njengeMicroLED, umzekelo. Isicelo sayo sokuqala sorhwebo sasiphakathi ku-2013.

Oyena mntu ukhuphisana naye ophambili we-OLED, i-QLED, nayo ifuna umthombo wokukhanya. Zezi kristale zincinci zifumana amandla kwaye zikhuphe ukukhanya okujikelezayo ukwenza umfanekiso kwiscreen, ukuvelisa kwakhona umahluko omkhulu wemibala kwindawo enokukhanya okungaphezulu okanye okuncinci.

U-Sony (i-Triluminos) wayengomnye woovulindlela kwimveliso ye-quantum dot televisions, i-LG (ekhusela i-OLED) nayo inezikrini ezinobu buchwepheshe. EBrazil, nangona kunjalo, kuxhaphake kakhulu ukufumana iintlobo ngeentlobo zeeTV ze-Samsung ezinesikrini se-QLED.

I-LG kunye ne-Samsung zikumlo wokuqwalaselwa kwabathengi. I-South Korean yokuqala, i-LG, ikhusela: 1) amathoni amnyama achanekileyo kunye nokusetyenziswa kwamandla aphantsi kwe-OLED. Enye i-South Korea, i-Samsung, ikhusela: i-2) I-QLED ibonisa imibala ecacileyo kunye neqaqambileyo kunye nezikrini ezikhuselayo "kwimpembelelo etshiswayo" (inqabile kakhulu kwiithelevishini).

Ngaphandle kweethowuni ezimnyama ezimnyama, i-OLED isenako ukushiya amanqaku kubasebenzisi besikrini esinzima kunye nemifanekiso engatshintshiyo, njengabadlali bomdlalo wevidiyo kwiminyaka edlulileyo. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ii-QLED zinokubonisa "abamnyama abamnyama."

Ingxaki yenzeka ngokukodwa koomabonakude abalula (abafundeka ngexabiso eliphantsi). Iziboniso ezixabisa ngakumbi (ezifana ne-Q9FN) zibonelela ngetekhnoloji ezongezelelweyo ezifana nobumnyama bendawo, obuphucula ukusebenza kokukhanya kwiziboniso ngokulawula isibane esingasemva ukubonisa abamnyama "abamnyama". Nto leyo eyenza kube nzima ukuzohlula kwi-OLED.

ImicroLED

Isithembiso samva nje yiMicroLED. Itekhnoloji entsha ithembisa ukuhlanganisa ezona zibalaseleyo zeLCD kunye ne-OLED, idibanisa izigidi zee-LED ezincinci ezinokukhupha ukukhanya kwazo. Xa kuthelekiswa nesikrini se-LCD, ukusebenza kakuhle kwamandla kunye nokuchasana kubhetele, kwaye ngaphezu koko, kunokukhupha ukukhanya okungaphezulu kwaye kuphile ixesha elide kune-OLED.

Ngokusebenzisa i-inorganic layer (ngokuchasene nee-LED eziphilayo, ezihlala ngaphantsi) kunye nee-LED ezincinci, ii-microLED, xa kuthelekiswa ne-OLED, zinokuthi: 1) zikhanyise kwaye zihlala ixesha elide; 2) kuncinci ukutshisa okanye ukuvutha.

TFT LCD, IPS kunye TN izikrini: umahluko

Kuhlala kukho ukubhideka xa isihloko sisikrini, i-AMOLED okanye i-LCD. Kwaye, kugxilwe ikakhulu kwiscreen seLCD, kukho iitekhnoloji ezininzi ezihlanganisiweyo, ezinje nge TFT, IPS okanye TN. Ithetha ukuthini isifinyezo ngasinye kwezi? Kwaye ekusebenzeni, yintoni umehluko? Eli nqaku lichaza, ngendlela elula, yintoni injongo yezi teknoloji.

Konke oku kubhideka kwenzeka, ndiyakholwa, ngenxa yokuthengisa kunye nezizathu zembali. Kwiinkcukacha zobugcisa, abavelisi ngokuqhelekileyo (akusiyo umgaqo) bagxininisa i-IPS yesifinyezo kwizixhobo ezinala mapaneli.

Njengemizekelo: I-LG, ebheja kakhulu kwitekhnoloji (ngokungafaniyo ne-Samsung, egxile kwi-AMOLED), ide ibeke izitampu eziqaqambisa iphaneli ye-IPS kwii-smartphones. Kwakhona, awona mehlo aphucukileyo, anje ngeDell UltraSharp kunye neApple Thunderbolt Display, yi-IPS.

Kwelinye icala, ii-smartphones zexabiso eliphantsi bezisoloko zi (kwaye zisekho) ziqaliswa ngento ebizwa ngokuba zizikrini ze-TFT. U-Sony wayesebenzisa izikrini ezipapashwe njenge "TFT" kwii-smartphones zayo eziphezulu ukuya kwi-Xperia Z1, eyayinesikrini esibi kakhulu esinombono olinganiselweyo wokujonga xa kuthelekiswa nabakhuphisana nabo.

Ngokuzenzekelayo, xa i-Xperia Z2 yafika, yapapashwa njenge "IPS" kwaye kwakungekho ukugxeka okukrakra kwezikrini kwii-smartphones ezibiza kakhulu ze-Sony. Yiza ke nam.

Yintoni TFT LCD screen?

Okokuqala, inkcazo yesichazi-magama: TFT LCD imele iThin Film Transistor Liquid Crystal Display. NgesiNgesi, ndiza kuguqulela eli gama lingaqhelekanga njengento efana "nefilimu encinci ye-transistor esekwe kwi-crystal display". Oko ayikathethi kakhulu, ngoko ke masicacise izinto.

LCD osele uyazi kakuhle, nokuba awuyazi ukuba isebenza njani. Le yeyona teknoloji isetyenziswa kakhulu yidesktop yakho okanye ilaptop ejongayo. Isixhobo sinento ebizwa ngokuba yi "crystals liquid", ezizinto ezibonakalayo ezinokuthi zibe opaque xa zifumana umbane.

Ezi kristale zingaphakathi kwesikrini, esine "pixels", ezenziwe ngemibala ebomvu, eluhlaza kunye neblue (umgangatho weRGB). Umbala ngamnye udla ngokuxhasa iithowuni ezingama-256. Ukwenza iiakhawunti (2563), oko kuthetha ukuba ipixel nganye ngokwethiyori inokwenza imibala engaphezu kwezigidi ezili-16,7.

Kodwa yeka njani imibala yezi kristale? Ewe, kufuneka bafumane umsinga wombane ukuze babe opaque, kwaye iitransistors ziyayikhathalela le nto: nganye inoxanduva lwephikseli.

Ngasemva kwesikrini se-LCD kukho into ebizwa ngokuba yi-backlight, ukukhanya okumhlophe okwenza isikrini sikhanye. Ngamagama alula, cinga kunye nam: ukuba zonke ii-transistors zizoba ngoku, iikristale zamanzi ziba opaque kwaye zithintele ukuhamba kokukhanya (ngamanye amazwi, isikrini siya kuba mnyama). Ukuba akukho nto iphumayo, isikrini siya kuba mhlophe.

Kulapho i-TFT iqala khona ukudlala. Kwizikrini ze-TFT LCD, izigidi ze-transistors, ezilawula ipikseli nganye yephaneli, zibekwe ngaphakathi kwesikrini ngokufaka ifilimu ebhityileyo kakhulu yemathiriyeli emincinci i-nanometers ezimbalwa okanye ii-micrometers ubukhulu (i-strand yeenwele iphakathi kwe-60 kunye ne-120 ye-micrometer ubukhulu. ). Ewe, sele sisazi ukuba yintoni "ifilimu" ekhoyo kwi-acronym TFT.

Ungena phi uTN?

Ngasekupheleni kwenkulungwane edlulileyo, phantse zonke iiphaneli ze-TFT LCD zisebenzise ubuchule obubizwa ngokuba yi-Twisted Nematic (TN) ukusebenza. Igama layo libangelwa kukuba, ukwenzela ukuba ukukhanya kudlule kwi-pixel (oko kukuthi, ukwenza umbala omhlophe), ikristale yolwelo icwangciswe kwisakhiwo esijijekileyo. Lo mzobo usikhumbuza loo mizobo yeDNA oyibonileyo kwisikolo samabanga aphakamileyo:

Xa i-transistor ikhupha umbane wombane, isakhiwo "siyahlukana." Iikristale zolwelo ziba opaque kwaye ngenxa yoko ipixel ijika ibe mnyama, okanye ibonise umbala ophakathi phakathi komhlophe nomnyama, kuxhomekeke kumandla asetyenziswa yi-transistor. Jonga umfanekiso kwakhona kwaye uqaphele indlela iikristale zamanzi ezilungiselelwe: i-perpendicular to substrate.

Kodwa wonke umntu wayesazi ukuba i-TN-based LCD inemida ethile. Imibala ayizange iveliswe ngokunyaniseka okufanayo kwaye kukho iingxaki nge-angle yokujonga: ukuba awuzange ubekwe ngqo phambi kwemonitha, unokubona ukuhluka kombala. Ukuya kuthi ga kwi-engile ye-90 ° ume phambi kwemonitha, kokukhona imibala ijongeka ngakumbi.

Umahluko kwiiphaneli ze-IPS?

Emva koko kwabakho ingcamango kubo: kuthekani ukuba ikristale yolwelo bekungafuneki ukuba icwangciswe ngokuthe ngqo? Kulapho baye benza i-In-Plane Switching (IPS). Kwiphaneli yeLCD esekwe kwi-IPS, iimolekyuli zekristale zamanzi zicwangciswe ngokuthe tye, oko kukuthi, zihambelana ne-substrate. Ngamanye amazwi, bahlala behleli kwinqwelomoya enye ("In-Plane", yifumane?). Umzobo kaSharp ubonisa oku:

Ekubeni i-crystal ye-liquid isoloko isondele kwi-IPS, i-angle yokujonga iphelela ekuphuculeni kwaye ukuveliswa kombala kuthembekile ngakumbi. I-drawback kukuba le teknoloji isabiza kakhulu ukuvelisa, kwaye akubona bonke abavelisi abazimisele ukuchitha ngaphezulu kwipaneli ye-IPS ekuveliseni i-smartphone esisiseko, apho into ebalulekileyo kukugcina iindleko zincinci.

Inqaku eliphambili

Ngamafutshane, i-IPS yile: indlela eyahlukileyo yokucwangcisa iimolekyuli zekristale. Yintoni engatshintshiyo malunga ne-TN yi-transistors, elawula iipikseli: zisacwangciswa ngendlela efanayo, oko kukuthi, ifakwe "njengefilimu encinci". Akukho ngqiqweni ukuthi isikrini se-IPS singcono kune-TFT: kuya kufana nokuthi "Ubuntu bubi kuneLinux".

Ke, izikrini ze-IPS ozaziyo zisebenzisa itekhnoloji ye-TFT. Ngapha koko, i-TFT bubuchule obubanzi kakhulu, obukwasetyenziswa kwiiphaneli ze-AMOLED. Inyani nje yokwazi ukuba iphaneli yi-TFT ayibonakalisi kumgangatho wayo.