imbali yefowuni ephathwayo

Ekubeni yadalwa kwi-1973 nguMartin Cooper, ifowuni yeselula iye yavela ngokuxhuma kunye nemida. Kwiminyaka yokuqala, izixhobo zazinzima kwaye zikhulu, kwaye zibiza imali eninzi. Namhlanje, phantse wonke umntu unokuba nesixhobo esinexabiso eliphantsi esinobunzima obungaphantsi kweponti enye kwaye sincinci kunesandla sakho.

1980s: iminyaka yokuqala

Abavelisi abaliqela bavavanya phakathi kwe-1947 kunye ne-1973, kodwa inkampani yokuqala ukubonisa isixhobo esisebenzayo yayiyi-Motorola. Igama lesixhobo yi-DynaTAC kwaye sasingathengiswa eluntwini (yayiyiprototype nje). Imodeli yokuqala eya kukhutshwa ngokurhweba e-United States (amanye amazwe sele efumene iifowuni ezivela kwezinye iimpawu) yi-Motorola DynaTAC 8000x, oko kukuthi, iminyaka elishumi emva kovavanyo lokuqala.

Owayesakuba ngumsebenzi weMotorola uMartin Cooper wazisa iselfowuni yokuqala yehlabathi, iMotorola DynaTAC, nge-3 ka-Epreli ka-1974 (malunga nonyaka emva kokudalwa kwayo).

Emi kufutshane neNew York Hilton Hotel, wamisa isikhululo esingaphaya kwesitrato. Amava asebenzile, kodwa kuthathe ishumi leminyaka ukuba ifowuni ephathwayo ekugqibeleni ibe sesidlangalaleni.

Ngo-1984, iMotorola yakhulula iMotorola DynaTAC eluntwini. Iqulethe inombolo esisiseko, umboniso womgca omnye, kunye nebhetri edibeneyo eneyure kuphela yokuthetha kunye neeyure ze-8 zexesha lokulinda. Nangona kunjalo, yayiyinguqu yexesha, yiyo loo nto kuphela abo bazizityebi babenokukwazi ukuthenga enye okanye ukuhlawulela inkonzo yelizwi, ebiza imali encinci.

I-DynaTAC 8000X ilinganise i-33 yeesentimitha ubude, i-4,5 yeesentimitha ububanzi, kunye ne-8,9 yeesentimitha kubukhulu. Yayinobunzima obuziigram ezingama-794 yaye yayikwazi ngentloko ukuya kutsho kumanani angama-30. Isikrini se-LED kunye nebhetri enkulu kakhulu igcine uyilo "lwebhokisi". Isebenze kuthungelwano lwe-analog, oko kukuthi, NMT (Nordic Mobile Telephone), kwaye ukwenziwa kwayo akuzange kuphazamiseke de kwangowe-1994.

Ngo-1989: impembelelo yeefowuni zeflip

Kwiminyaka emithandathu emva kokuvela kweDynaTAC, iMotorola yaya kwelinye inyathelo, yazisa into eyaba lukhuthazo lwefowuni yokuqala. Ebizwa ngokuba yi-MicroTAC, esi sixhobo se-analog sazisa iprojekthi yoguquko: isixhobo sokuthatha ilizwi esongwe phezu kwekhibhodi. Ukongeza, yayilinganisa ngaphezu kweesentimitha ezingama-23 xa ityhilwe kwaye inobunzima obungaphantsi kwe-0,5 kilos, iyenza ibe yeyona fowuni ilula kakhulu eyakha yaveliswa ukuza kuthi ga ngelo xesha.
1990s: indalo yokwenyani

Kwakusebudeni beminyaka yee-90s apho uhlobo lobuchwephesha beselula obubona yonke imihla lwaqala ukwenza. I-high-tech yokuqala, iiprosesa zesignali zedijithali (iDEN, CDMA, GSM networks) zavela ngeli xesha lesiphithiphithi.

1993: i-smartphone yokuqala

Ngelixa iiselfowuni zobuqu bezikho ukusukela ngeminyaka yoo-1970, ukwenziwa kwe-smartphone kwabavuyisa abathengi baseMelika ngendlela entsha.

Emva kwayo yonke loo nto, amashumi amathathu eminyaka phakathi kwefowuni yokuqala kunye ne-smartphone yokuqala yabona ukuvela kwe-intanethi yanamhlanje. Kwaye olo yilo lwabangela kwasekuqaleni kwento yonxibelelwano lwedijithali esiyibonayo namhlanje.

Kwi-1993, i-IBM kunye ne-BellSouth badibanisa amandla okuqalisa i-IBM Simon Personal Communicator, ifowuni yokuqala yeselula ukubandakanya ukusebenza kwePDA (uMncedisi weDijithali yoMntu). Ayikwazanga ukuthumela nokufumana iminxeba yelizwi kuphela, kodwa ikwasebenza njengencwadi yeedilesi, isixhobo sokubala, ipeyija, kunye nomatshini wefeksi. Ukongeza, inikeze isikrini esichukumisayo okokuqala, sivumela abathengi ukuba basebenzise iminwe yabo okanye ipeni ukwenza iifowuni kunye nokwenza amanqaku.

Ezi mpawu zazahlukile kwaye zihambele phambili ngokwaneleyo ukuba zithathelwe ingqalelo njengelifanele igama elithi "I-smartphone yokuqala yehlabathi".

1996: ifowuni yokuqala

Isiqingatha seshumi leminyaka emva kokukhululwa kweMicroTAC, iMotorola yakhupha uhlaziyo olwaziwa ngokuba yiStarTAC. Iphefumlelwe ngumanduleli wayo, iStarTAC yaba yifowuni yokuqala eyinyani. Yasebenza kwiinethiwekhi ze-GSM e-United States kwaye iquka inkxaso yemiyalezo ye-SMS, yongeza iimpawu zedijithali ezifana nencwadi yoqhagamshelwano, kwaye yayingowokuqala ukuxhasa ibhetri ye-lithium. Ukongeza, isixhobo sinobunzima be-100 grams kuphela.

1998: ifowuni yokuqala ye-candybar

INokia yagqabhuka kwindawo yexhwayelo ngo-1998 ngefowuni yoyilo yecandybar, iNokia 6160. Sinobunzima obuziigram eziyi-160, esi sixhobo sasinomboniso we-monochrome, i-eriyali yangaphandle, kunye nebhetri egcwalisekayo enexesha lokuthetha leeyure eziyi-3,3. Ngenxa yexabiso layo kunye nokusebenziseka ngokulula, iNokia 6160 yaba sesona sixhobo sithengiswa kakhulu kwaNokia ngeminyaka yoo-90.

Ngo-1999: Isandulela kwi-smartphone yeBlackBerry

Isixhobo sokuqala esiphathwayo seBlackBerry savela ekupheleni kweminyaka yoo-90 njengepheyija eneendlela ezimbini. Yayinekhibhodi epheleleyo ye-QWERTY kwaye ingasetyenziselwa ukuthumela nokufumana imiyalezo ebhaliweyo, i-imeyile kunye namaphepha.

Ukongeza, ibonelela ngomboniso wemigca esi-8, ikhalenda, kunye nomququzeleli. Ngenxa yokunqongophala komdla kwizixhobo ze-imeyile eziphathwayo ngelo xesha, esi sixhobo sasisetyenziswa kuphela ngabo bantu basebenza kwishishini leshishini.

2000s: ubudala be-smartphone

I-millennium entsha yazisa ukubonakala kweekhamera ezidibeneyo, iinethiwekhi ze-3G, i-GPRS, i-EDGE, i-LTE, kunye nabanye, kunye nokusasazwa kokugqibela kwenethiwekhi yeselula ye-analog ekuthandeni uthungelwano lwedijithali.

Ukuze kwandiswe ixesha kunye nokubonelela ngezixhobo zemihla ngemihla, i-smartphone iye yayimfuneko, njengoko yenze ukuba kube lula ukusefa i-Intanethi, ukufunda nokuhlela iifayile zeteksti, iispredishithi, kunye nokufikelela ngokukhawuleza kwii-imeyile.

Kwakungekho kude kube ngunyaka we-2000 ukuba i-smartphone ixhunywe kwinethiwekhi ye-3G yangempela. Ngamanye amazwi, umgangatho wonxibelelwano oluphathwayo wakhiwa ukuvumela izixhobo zombane eziphathwayo ukuba zifikelele kwi-Intanethi ngaphandle kwamacingo.

Oku kuphakamisa i-ante yee-smartphones ngoku zenza izinto ezifana nenkomfa yevidiyo kunye nokuthumela izinamathiselo ezinkulu ze-imeyile kunokwenzeka.

2000: ifowuni yokuqala yebluetooth

Ifowuni ye-Ericsson T36 yazisa iteknoloji yeBluetooth kwihlabathi leselula, ivumela abathengi ukuba baqhagamshele ngaphandle kwamacingo iiselfowuni zabo kwiikhompyuter zabo. Ifowuni nayo yanikezela uxhulumaniso lwehlabathi lonke nge-GSM 900/1800/1900 band, iteknoloji yokuqaphela izwi kunye ne-Aircalendar, isixhobo esivumela abathengi ukuba bafumane ukuhlaziywa kwexesha langempela kwikhalenda yabo okanye incwadi yeedilesi.

Ngo-2002: i-smartphone yokuqala ye-BlackBerry

Ngo-2002, i-Research In Motion (RIM) ekugqibeleni yahamba. IBlackBerry PDA yaba yeyokuqala ukubonisa uqhagamshelo lweselula. Isebenza kwinethiwekhi ye-GSM, iBlackBerry 5810 ivumele abasebenzisi ukuba bathumele ii-imeyile, balungelelanise idatha yabo kwaye balungiselele amanqaku. Ngelishwa, ibilahlekile isithethi kunye nemakrofoni, okuthetha ukuba abasebenzisi bayo banyanzelwa ukuba banxibe i-headset kunye nemakrofoni encanyathiselwe.

2002: Iselfowuni yokuqala enekhamera

I-Sanyo SCP-5300 yaphelisa isidingo sokuthenga ikhamera, kuba yayiyisixhobo sokuqala seselula ukubandakanya ikhamera eyakhelweyo kunye neqhosha elizinikezeleyo le-snapshot. Ngelishwa, bekukhawulelwe kwisisombululo se-640x480, ukusondeza kwedijithali kwe-4x, kunye noluhlu lweenyawo ezili-3. Nokuba yeyiphi na loo nto, abasebenzisi befowuni banokuthatha iifoto xa besendleleni kwaye bazithumele kwiPC yabo besebenzisa isuti yesoftware.

2004: ifowuni yokuqala ebhityileyo

Phambi kokukhululwa kweMotorola RAZR V3 ngo-2004, iifowuni bezithande ukuba nkulu kwaye zibe zininzi. URazr wayitshintsha loo nto ngobunzima bayo obuziimilimitha ezili-14. Ifowuni yayine-eriyali yangaphakathi, ikhiphedi efakwe ngokwekhemikhali, kunye nemvelaphi eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Yayiyinyani, ifowuni yokuqala ayidalanga kuphela ukubonelela ngokusebenza okuhle, kodwa kunye nokukhupha isitayile kunye nobuhle.

2007: Apple iPhone

Xa i-Apple ingena kwishishini leselfowuni ngo-2007, yonke into yatshintsha. I-Apple yatshintsha ikhibhodi yesiqhelo ngekhibhodi yokuchukumisa kaninzi evumela abathengi ukuba bazive besebenzisa izixhobo zeselfowuni ngeminwe yabo: ukucofa amakhonkco, ukolula / ukuthoba iifoto, kunye nokujikeleza kwii-albhamu.

Ukongeza, yazisa iqonga lokuqala eligcwele izibonelelo zeeselfowuni. Kwaba ngathi uthatha inkqubo yokusebenza kwikhompyuter uyibeke kwifowuni encinci.

I-iPhone yayingesisona kuphela isixhobo esihle kakhulu sokuchukumisa isikrini ukubetha imakethi, kodwa yayisisixhobo sokuqala sokubonelela ngoguqulelo olupheleleyo, olungathintelwanga lwe-intanethi. I-iPhone yokuqala yanika abathengi amandla okukhangela iwebhu kanye njengokuba bebeya kwenza kwikhompyuter.

Yayiqhayisa ubomi bebhetri yeeyure ze-8 zexesha lokuthetha (ukugqithisa ii-smartphones ukusuka kwi-1992 kunye neyure enye yobomi bebhetri) kunye neeyure ze-250 zexesha lokulinda.

Iimpawu zefowuni ephathwayo ye-Smart

i-SMS

Isixhobo esiyimfuneko kubantu abaninzi yinkonzo yokuthumela imiyalezo (SMS). Bambalwa abayaziyo, kodwa umyalezo wokuqala wombhalo wathunyelwa ngo-1993 ngomqhubi waseFinland. Kwathatha ixesha elide ukuba bonke obu bugcisa bufike eLatin America, emva koko, abaqhubi basacinga ngokufakela iifowuni zasekhaya kubathengi.

Imiyalezo ebhaliweyo yayingeyonto inkulu ngelo xesha, kuba yayikhawulelwe kubalinganiswa abambalwa kwaye yayingavumeli ukusetyenziswa kweempawu zokuvalela okanye iimpawu ezikhethekileyo. Ukongezelela, kwakunzima ukusebenzisa inkonzo ye-SMS, kuba kwakuyimfuneko ukuba, ukongeza kwiselfowuni, ifowuni yommkeli ihambelana neteknoloji.

Iifowuni eziphathwayo ezikwaziyo ukuthumela imiyalezo zazidla ngokuxhotyiswa nge-alphanumeric keyboard, kodwa isixhobo kwakufuneka sibandakanye oonobumba kunamanani.

iiringithoni

Iiselfowuni zisa iintsimbi ezicaphukisa kancinci, okwangoku kunye nokuhambela phambili kwetekhnoloji kubasebenzisi kunye nezixhobo, iithowuni zomntu ngamnye ze-monophonic kunye neepolyphonic zaqala ukuvela, into eyenza ukuba abantu bachithe imali eninzi ukuze babe neengoma zabo abazithandayo.

izikrini zemibala

Ngaphandle kwamathandabuzo, yonke into yayiyeyona nto ingcono kubathengi, kodwa kukho into eyayingekho ukuba iselula igqitywe: yayiyimibala. Izixhobo ezinezikrini ze-monochrome azizange zibonise yonke into amehlo ethu anokuqonda.

Emva koko abavelisi bazisa izikrini ezinezikali ezimpunga, isibonelelo esivumela ukuhlukanisa imifanekiso. Nangona kunjalo, akukho mntu wanelisekile, kuba yonke into yayibonakala ingeyonyani.

Xa iselula yokuqala ye-XNUMX yombala ibonakala, abantu babecinga ukuba iphelisa ihlabathi, kuba yayibuchwephesha obumangalisayo kwigajethi encinane.

Akuzange kuthathe ixesha elide ukuba izixhobo zifumane izikrini ezinemibala engama-64.000, kwaye emva koko kwavela izikrini ezinemibala efikelela kuma-256. Imifanekiso yayisele ibonakala iyinyani kwaye kwakungekho ndlela yokubona ukungabikho kwemibala. Ngokucacileyo, ukuziphendukela kwemvelo akuyekanga kwaye namhlanje iifowuni eziphathwayo zinemibala eyi-16 yezigidi, isixhobo esiyimfuneko kwizixhobo zokusombulula okuphezulu.

Imiyalezo yemultimedia kunye ne-intanethi

Ngokunokwenzeka kokubonisa imifanekiso enemibala, iiselfowuni zakhawuleza zafumana isixhobo semiyalezo yemultimedia edumileyo yeMMS. Imiyalezo yemultimedia, ekuqaleni, iya kuba luncedo ukuthumela imifanekiso kwabanye abafowunelwa, nangona kunjalo, ngokuvela kwenkonzo, iMMS ibe yinkonzo exhasa ukuthumela iividiyo. Iphantse yafana nokuthumela i-imeyile.

Into eyayifunwa ngumntu wonke ekugqibeleni yayifumaneka kwiiselfowuni: i-intanethi. Ewe kunjalo, i-intanethi efikelelekayo ngefowuni ephathwayo yayingafani ne-intanethi esetyenziswa ngabantu kwiikhompyuter, kodwa oko kufuneka kuvele kwakamsinya. Ii-Portals ezifunekayo ukwenza amaphepha eselula (abizwa ngokuba ngamaphepha e-WAP), anomxholo oncitshisiweyo kunye neenkcukacha ezimbalwa.

Ii-smartphones zanamhlanje

Kukho umahluko omkhulu kwi-hardware ukusuka kwi-2007 ukuya namhlanje. Ngamafutshane, yonke into ihamba phambili.

-Kukho inkumbulo eninzi
-Izixhobo zikhawuleza kakhulu kwaye zinamandla ngakumbi
-Ungasebenzisa ii -apps ezininzi ngaxeshanye
Iikhamera zeHD
-Ukusasaza umculo kunye nevidiyo kulula, njengomdlalo we-intanethi
-Ibhetri ihlala iintsuku endaweni yemizuzu okanye iiyure ezimbalwa

Iinkqubo ezimbini eziphambili zokusebenza ziye zavela kwimakethi ye-smartphone. I-Android ye-Google yamkelwe ngabavelisi bezinto ezahlukeneyo zokukhuphisana ne-Apple iOS.

Okwangoku, i-Android iyaphumelela, njengoko inesabelo esikhulu kwimarike yehlabathi, ngaphezu kwe-42%.

Enkosi kule nkqubela phambili, abantu abaninzi baye bakwazi ukutshintsha iikhamera zabo zedijithali kunye neeiPod (abadlali mp3) kunye phones zabo. Ngelixa ii-iPhones zixabiseke ngakumbi ngenxa yeseti eseti, izixhobo ze-Android ziye zanda kakhulu kuba zifikeleleka ngakumbi.

Ikamva lee-smartphones

Ii-smartphones zangaphambili ezifana ne-IBM's Simon zisinike umbono wokuba zinokuba yintoni izixhobo eziphathwayo. Ngo-2007, amandla ayo aguqulwa ngokupheleleyo yi-Apple kunye ne-iPhone yayo. Ngoku, ziyaqhubeka ukuba sisiseko sobomi bethu bemihla ngemihla.

Ukusuka ekutshintsheni iikhamera zethu zedijithali kunye nabadlali bomculo, ukuya kubancedisi bomntu abafana noSiri kunye nokukhangela ngelizwi, siyekile ukusebenzisa ii-smartphones zethu ukuze sinxibelelane.

Indaleko ayinakuyeka, ke abavelisi abayeki ukusungula izixhobo ezininzi, kunye neempawu ezinobunkunkqele kunye nemisebenzi enomdla ngakumbi.

Inkqubela phambili ye-smartphone iyaqhubeka nokukhula ngokuthe ngcembe. Kunzima ukuqikelela ukuba yintoni eza kulandela, kodwa kubonakala ngathi ukutyhala umva kwiifowuni ezinezikrini ezisongelwayo ezibambekayo kunokwenzeka. Imiyalelo yelizwi nayo kulindeleke ukuba iqhubeke nokukhula.

Zimnkile iintsuku apho kuye kwafuneka sincame uninzi lwezakhono esizonwabelayo kwiilaptops okanye kwiidesktop zethu ngelixa sisendleleni. Ukuphuculwa kobuchwepheshe beselula kusivumele ukuba sikhethe ngakumbi kwindlela esiwujonga ngayo umsebenzi wethu kunye nemisebenzi yolonwabo.